2. Methods

Equipment List

1.  4 meters of solid core copper wire
2.  4 meters of constantan wire
3.  Soldering iron
4.  Voltage Probe
5. Labquest 2
6. Wire cutters
7. Needle nose pliers
8. Ice
9. Infrared thermometer
10. Seven 500ml beaker

Diagrams of the experimental setup  

2.3 Procedures

1. Cut the copper wire and the constantan wire into 20 sections that are of equal length. (about 30cm)
2. Solder a copper wire section and a constantan wire section together to make a junction.
3. Repeat step 2 twenty times to create 15 individual junctions.

4. Solder the junctions and sections together as shown in figures 1 to 6.

5. Set up a beaker with ice to create the cold junction.

6. Turn on the bunsen burner and heat the water in the beaker to 90°C using the infrared thermometer. This is to create the hot junction.
7. Place the junctions of Set-up 1 (Figure 1) in the corresponding hot and cold junctions.

8. Wait for 3 minutes, make sure that the temperature difference for all the junctions is equal using the infrared thermometer, then measure and record the voltage using the voltage meter.

9. Repeat steps 5 to 10 for set-up 2 (Figure 2) to 6 (Figure 6). Prepare the number of cold and hot junctions as required.